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Presidential Papers

Table of Contents

Administration and Parties

Biographical Information

Communications of the President
     Introduction
     Budget of the President
     Economic report of the President
     Executive Orders, Proclamations, Directives
     Messages, Press Releases, Speeches
     Presidential Papers on Microfilm

Presidential Libraries System
Background
Presidential Libraries Internet Address

References, Guides, Directories

Administration Dates and Parties

Biographical Information

Biographical directory of the United States executive branch 1774-1989, by R. Sobel. Greenwood Press, 1990. E176.B578 1990 IC; SSRC

Biographies of the presidents and vice presidents (Part 7 of Congressional Quarterly's guide to the presidency, ed. by M Nelson. 2^nd ed. JK516.C57 1996 vols.1-2 SSRC

Potus; presidents of the United States http://www.ipl.org/ref/POTUS/

The presidents of the United States of America

http ://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/glimpse/presidents/html/presidents.html

Grolier online: the American Presidency

http://gi.grolier. com/presidents/aae/bios/01pwash.html

Also check Socrates Subject: Presidents United States Biography

Communications of the President

Introduction
Communications of the president of the United States include those to executive agencies and staff, congress and staff, other government officials both domestic and foreign, and to the people of the United States or of the world. Depending on the situation or requirement, these communications take specific forms such as the treaty message or the executive order and as such are issued in specific sources. But they may also be printed in other sources. The annual State of the Union Message is printed in the daily Congressional record because it is given before both houses of congress. It is also printed in the Congressional serial set in the document series, in the Weekly compilation of presidential documents, and in the Public papers of the presidents. Many newspapers also reprint the message in full. The now formally numbered executive orders are required to be printed in the daily Federal register. These executive orders are also messages so may be printed in other presidential papers or in secondary sources

The Stanford Libraries select and acquire presidential documents and papers including those in print, microform, audio visual material, and electronic records. These papers and messages can be issued as individual publications, as part of a specific president's collection, in subject compilations, and in collections of documents of a particular type such as the executive orders. Many presidential documents are listed in Socrates, but there are many like the microfilm sets of presidential papers http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/jonsson/collections/usfed/pres_papers_microfilm.html which will require use of separate indexes and guides.

Budget of the President
The budget is one of the most important documents created by the president, congress, and the executive and legislative staffs. The budget process takes eighteen months to complete, and the federal budget year begins on the first of October.

The Bureau of the Budget was created under the 1921 Budget and Accounting Act and designated as part of the Treasury Department although directly responsible to the president. In 1970 an executive order renamed the agency Office of Management and Budget to be located directly under the Office of the President in government organization. Before the passage of this act, the president had little control over the budget. Congress managed the finances of the federal government.

The Office of Management and Budget within the executive branch acts as coordinator working with budget goals, policy priorities, agency guidelines, and the collection and analysis of huge amounts of data to create the president's budget. Once complete in the executive area the President's Budget is sent to the congress which introduces the budget bill legislation. Budget bills are introduced in congress and generally take considerable time and work as they move through subcommittees, committees, and the floor producing committee authorization and appropriations hearings and reports.

A budget bill must be passed by both houses and signed by the president to become a public law. This law will include the funding amount for agencies and legislative programs.

The Management and Budget Office budget documents include Budget of the United States and the Appendix to the Budget of the United States as well as various other specific documents not always continued for each budget. They have included the Analytical prospects of the budget, Budget in brief, Citizens' guide to the federal budget, Major themes and additional budget details, Special analysis of the budget, and Budget revisions.

Congressional budget documents include budget bills/resolutions, committee hearings and reports, Congressional Budget Office reviews, reports, and data and the General Accounting Office evaluations. The Congressional Budget Office was created in 1974 to provide some budget oversight within the congress. The General Accounting Office was created by the 1921 Budget and Accounting Act to provide congress auditing power and gave it the responsibility to review the executive agency programs relating to future funding.

Budget of the United States and the Appendix to the budget, 1921 to date.

http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/

http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usb udget/index.html

Budget of the United States (Subject bibliography SB 204) US Government Printing Office.

http://www.access.gpo. gov/su_docs/sale/sb-204.html

http://www.access.gpo. gov/su_docs/sale/sb-097.html

Budget process law annotated : including the Congressional Budget Act, Gramm-Rudman-Hollings, the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, Executive Order 12857, and related budget-process legislation, prepared for the Committee on the Budget, United States Senate with annotations by William G. Dauster. 1993.

The Bureau of the Budget, by P.F. Brundage. 1970.

Congressional budget process: a general explanation, by the House Budget Committee.

Executive branch information sources (Chapter 10 of Tapping the government grapevine. 3^rd ed. 1998.

The federal budget (Chapter 10 of Congressional publications and proceedings, by J.Zwirn. 1988.
JK1067.Z85 1988 SSRC
Federal budget: a guide to process and principal publications, by Edward Herman. 19991.
HJ2051.H47 1991 SSRC-reading room
Glossary of terms used in the federal budget process.3^rd ed. 1981. General Accounting Office. (PAD 81-87)

Guide to the federal budget, 1982 to date. Annual.

Office of Management and budget OMB circulars. US Government Printing Office.
PrEx 2.4: Green Fed-docs
http://www.whitehouse. gov/OMB/circulars/index.html
Several numbers of these circulars are devoted to the federal budget process providing the agencies with necessary instructions for compiling budget estimates.
Preparation, submission, and execution of the budget: Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget (Circular A-11).
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars/a001/a001.html
PREX 2.4:11 fed-docs
The president's role in the budget process (Chapter 3 of Congressional Quarterly's guide to the presidency, ed. by M.Nelson. 1996.)

The process itself - a simplified overview (Chapter 10 of Introduction to United States government sources, by J. Morehead. 4^th ed. 1992.

Economic Report of the President
The annual Economic report of the president is transmitted to the congress each year in January. This report includes the Annual report of the Economic Advisors. The latter was created by the Employment Act of 1946 to provide economic analysis and advice to the president. This report is issued separately and also as a document in the Congressional serial set.

Economic report of the president including the annual report of the Council of Economic Advisors 1946 to date. US Government Printing Office.

Economic report of the president; hearings before the Joint Economic Committee,1949 to date. US Government Printing Office.

Executive Orders, Proclamations, Directives
The president's legislative powers are expressed in the form of executive orders which have the force of law and can cover many subjects but tend to concern activities within the executive and regulatory agencies. The proclamation can cover the same areas but tends to be of a more general. Not all proclamations have the force of law. The early executive orders were unnumbered and were issued by the State Department. The proclamations were printed in the United States statutes at large. Many of these earlier executive orders were also printed in agency publications like annual reports as they concerned personnel and lands.

Since the passage of the 1936 Federal Register Act, both of these series have been numbered and printed in the daily Federal register and cumulated in the Code of federal regulations title 3 volumes.

CIS index to presidential executive orders & proclamations 1789-1993 (George Washington to Ronald Reagan) and the issues of the daily Federal Register (print and Internet) are two of the finding aids. The CIS publication is accompanied by a microfiche set housed in the UC Riverside Library.

CIS federal register index, 1984 to date. Congressional Information Service. Weekly.

Federal Register

CIS guide to presidential executive orders and proclamations 1789-1993

Presidential executive orders and proclamations on microfiche 1789-1993

Code of federal regulations: Title 3 (President), 1936 to date. Annual.

Federal register, 1936 to date. US Government Printing Office. Daily.

Guide to executive orders and proclamations (Legal Information Center, University of Florida)

http://www.law.ufl .edu/lic/guides/federal/orders.shtml

Thomas (Library of Congress).

httpfull://thomas.loc.gov/

United States statutes at large. US Government Printing Office.

http://www.access.gpo.gov/nar a/ nara005.html

Weekly compilation of presidential documents, 1965 to date. US Government Printing Office.

http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/ index.html#pd

Messages, Press Releases, Speeches

Compilation of messages and papers of the presidents1789-1897, by J.D. Richardson. Bureau of National Literature. Includes index volumes.

Congressional record (and earlier titles), 1789 to date. US Government Printing Office. Daily.

http://www.access.gpo .gov/su_docs/aces/aces150.html

Declassified documents catalog with microfiche, 1975 to date. Quarterly.

Inaugural addresses of the presidents of the United States from George Washington (1789) to date. US Government Printing Office.

http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/jonsson/collections/usfed/pres_papers_microfilm.html

Presidential vetoes 1789-1994. US Government Printing Office.

Public papers of the presidents; Truman to date with special edition for President Hoover, comp. By the Office of the Federal Register. US Government Printing Office.

Public papers and addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Random House. 1938-50.

Welcome to the White House includes current news briefings, press releases, radio addresses

http://www.whitehouse.gov/index.html

Presidential Papers On Microfilm

Presidential Library System

Background
The presidential library system began with the establishment of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library in 1939. Up to this time presidential papers were considered private property, and the president could have them preserved, destroyed, or sold. Completeness of the collections vary with the president and his sense of history. Although some of the earlier presidents planned for the preservation of papers, their wishes were not always fully carried out. On Washington death, his papers went to a family member who approved lending them for long periods of time. A later family member sold them to the US government. Many presidents who may have wished to preserve their papers had no place to put them unless accepted by historical associations. In the early 1900s, the Library of Congress created the Manuscript Division which offered to house presidential papers. These papers were eventually microfilmed and made available for sale. Presidential correspondence may also appear in government agency files like the State Department and also in individual private papers. Agency files are required by statutes to be preserved in the National Archives and Records Administration but not presidential materials. The Herbert Hoover presidential papers were deposited in the Hoover Institution at Stanford University but later moved to Iowa following the establishment of the Hoover Presidential Library in 1955. As required by law the libraries are constructed and furnished by private funds and then administered by the federal government.

To date this System includes ten presidential libraries. There is a Nixon Presidential Staff Materials Library in California, but additional materials are still in the National Archives.

Presidential Libraries Internet Addresses

References, Guides, Directories

Congressional Quarterly's guide to the presidency, ed. by M. Nelson.

^nd

Encyclopedia of governmental advisory organizations, 1973 to date.

http://galenet.gale.com/

http://gale-proxy.stanford.edu/

Executive office of the president: a historical,
biographical, and bibliographic guide, edited by
H.C. Relyea. Greenwood Press. 1997.
JK552.E94 1997 SSRC-reading room
Federal yellow book. Quarterly.

Guide to federal records in the National Archives of the United States,
comp. By R.B. Matchette. National Archives and Records Administration.
CD3026 1995 vol.1-3 SSRC
Guide to manuscripts in the presidential libraries, compiled and edited by
D.A. Burton and others. 1985
CD3029.82.B87 1985 SSRC
Guide to the presidential advisory commissions 1973-84, by S.D. Zink.

Historic documents on the presidency 1776-1989, ed by M. Nelson.

Introduction to United States government information sources, by J. Morehead. 6^th ed. 1999.

National Archives and Records Administration home page.

http://www.nara.gov

Presidential libraries and collections, by F. Veit. Greenwood Press. 1987.

Presidential libraries and museums, by P. Hyland. Congressional Quarterly. 1995.

Prologue: quarterly of the National Archives and Records Administration, 1969 to date.

The record: news from the National Archives and Records Administration,

Records of the presidency, by F.L. Schick. Oryx Press. 1989.

Tapping the government grapevine, by J.S. Robinson. 3^rd ed. 1998.

United States government manual. US Government Printing Office.

http://www.access.gp o.gov/su_docs/aces/aaces002.html

Last modified: June 17, 2008